Creditors could not seize a wife's property to pay a husband's debts. "In this denial of the right to participate in government, not merely the degradation of woman and the perpetuation of a great injustice happens, but the maiming and repudiation of one-half of the moral and intellectual power of the government of the world. Mott and Stanton became friends in London and on the return voyage and together planned to organize their own convention to further the cause of women's rights, separate from abolition concerns. Stanton read the Declaration of Sentiments in its entirety, then re-read each paragraph so that it could be discussed at length, and changes incorporated. Although these women lectured primarily on the evils of slavery, the fact that a woman was speaking in public was itself a noteworthy stand for the cause of women's rights. [7] She positioned the Seneca Falls meeting as her own political debut, and characterized it as the beginning of the women's rights movement,[15] which she called "the greatest movement for human liberty recorded on the pages of history—a demand for freedom to one-half the entire race. [2][3] Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. Most of the women attending the convention were active in Quaker or evangelical Methodist movements. In 1842 Thomas M'Clintock and his wife Mary Ann became founding members of the Western New York Anti-Slavery Society and helped write its constitution. One hundred of the 300[45] present signed the Declaration of Sentiments, including 68 women and 32 men. Lucretia Mott. A powerful excerpt from the book includes Mr. Harcourt asking Cecilia if she would give up things she enjoyed for the end of slavery (Wakefield, 1800). [30] Stanton changed a few words of the Declaration of Independence to make it appropriate for a statement by women, replacing "The history of the present King of Great Britain" with "The history of mankind" as the basis for "usurpations on the part of man toward woman. "[20], Some of the ministers heading congregations in the area attended the Seneca Falls Convention, but none spoke out during the sessions, not even when comments from the floor were invited. Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States, ca. "[20] In St. Louis, Missouri, the Daily Reveille trumpeted that "the flag of independence has been hoisted for the second time on this side of the Atlantic. After completing her course work, she started to work as a teacher’s assistant (Unger, 1999). [38], On July 19, 1848, the morning of the first day of convention, the organizing committee arrived at the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel shortly before ten o'clock on a hot, sunny day to find a crowd gathered outside and the church doors locked—an overlooked detail. She wanted the end of slavery, but she did not like violence, which led her to isolation during the war (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). During a social visit on July 14, Stanton, Mott, Wright, and Mary Ann McClintock and Jane Hunt decided that it was time "to discuss the social, civil, and religious … A powerful excerpt about the treatment of women specifically in terms of marriage, from “Discourse on Women” includes: “The law of husband and wife, as you gather it from the books, is a disgrace to any civilized nation. The Declaration of Sentiments was read again and more changes were made to it. [23], After Quaker worship on Sunday July 9, 1848, Lucretia Coffin Mott joined Mary Ann M'Clintock, Martha Coffin Wright (Mott's witty sister, several months pregnant),[24] Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Jane Hunt for tea at the Hunt home in Waterloo. Garrison's ideas were not welcomed by a majority of other abolitionists, and those unwilling to include women split from him to form other abolitionist societies. Eight "[34] Stanton defended the concept of woman suffrage, saying women would then be able to affect future legislation and gain further rights. Biographie Jeunesse et formation. [2], At their home in Waterloo on Sunday, July 16, the M'Clintocks hosted a smaller planning session for the convention. Lucretia Mott. [34] James and Lucretia Mott were against the resolution; Lucretia said to Stanton, "Why Lizzie, thee will make us ridiculous. The Motts also visited former slaves living in the province of Ontario, Canada. In Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, American activists in the movement to abolish slavery, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, called a conference to address women’s rights and issues. "[41] Twenty-seven-year-old Elizabeth W. M'Clintock then delivered a speech, and the first day's business was called to a close. (1850) Discourse on Woman. However unwise and mistaken the demand, it is but the assertion of a natural right, and such must be conceded. Today is the Seneca Falls Convention! [37] Lucretia Mott wrote to say she would bring her sister, Martha Wright, and that the two women would participate in both days of the convention. Because of the fame and drawing power of Lucretia Mott, who would not be staying in the Upstate New York area for much longer, some of the participants at Seneca Falls organized the Rochester Women's Rights Convention two weeks later in Rochester, New York with Lucretia Mott as its featured speaker. This led to her joining Elizabeth Cady Stanton in calling the famous Seneca Falls Convention in New York in 1848 (at which, ironically, James Mott was asked to preside), and from that point on she was dedicated to women's rights and published her influential "Discourse on Woman" (1850). Wellman, 2004, p. 176. [47] Ansel Bascom was the most conspicuous attendee who chose not to sign the Declaration. 1870. First Biennual Seneca Falls Dialogues ... Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Mental Improvement: or the Beauties and Wonders of Nature and Art. Her skill and fame as an orator drew crowds wherever she went. Because he intended to run for elective office, he left Seneca Falls to avoid being connected with a convention promoting such an unpopular cause. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème droit des femmes, mouvement féministe, exposition interactive. "[52] Douglass's powerful words rang true with many in attendance, and the resolution passed by a large majority. [54] Although Lucretia Mott's reputation as a speaker drew the audience, Mott recognized Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Mary Ann M'Clintock as the "chief planners and architects" of the convention. Abolitionists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott first met in London at a world anti-slavery convention and were shocked that women were denied recognition as delegates. [50] Others argued that only the social, civil and religious rights of women should be addressed, not the political rights. Retrieved from Encyclopaedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucretia-Mott, Unger, N. C. (1999). [65] Subsequently, it was displayed prominently on the stage at each of the most important suffrage meetings until 1920,[64] even though the grievance and resolution about woman suffrage was not written on it. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady; edited by Theodore Stanton and Harriot Stanton Blatch. [2] On July 11, the announcement first appeared, giving readers just eight days' notice until the first day of convention. [44], Quaker Thomas M'Clintock served as chair for the evening session, opening it at half-past seven. In London, the proposal was rebuffed after a full day of debate; the women were allowed to listen from the gallery but not allowed to speak or vote. Women in the congregations reported to Stanton, who saw the actions of the ministers as cowardly; in their congregations, no one would be allowed to reply. If our ladies will insist on voting and legislating, where, gentleman, will be our dinners and our elbows? However, during the 1830s and 1840s, women who were involved in social movements, such as the abolition of slavery, began to want more rights. They rented property from Richard P. Hunt, a wealthy Quaker and businessman. [1] It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Mott was also active in abolition efforts, and she and her husband opened their home to … When the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 passed, Mott and her husband helped runaway slaves who were trying to escape by allowing them to stay in their home by the Underground Railroad (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). Were woman, in point of fact, the abject thing which the law, in theory, considers her to be when married, she would not be worthy the companionship of man (Mott & Stone, 1850).”. Then they decided to hold the Seneca Falls Convention 10 days later. [46] Amelia Bloomer was one of the participants who did not endorse the Declaration; she was focused at that time on the temperance movement. [29] Taken together, the resolutions demanded that women should have equality in the family, education, jobs, religion, and morals. She was one of the first women to advocate for women's rights, was brave enough to speak up about her beliefs on gender and racial discrimination, and spent her life working for the betterment of others. "[54] This, the twelfth resolution, passed. "[63] In the volume, Stanton did not mention the Liberty Party's plank on woman suffrage pre-dating the Seneca Falls Convention by a month, and she did not describe the Worcester National Women's Rights Convention, organized by Stone and Davis in 1850, as the beginning of the women's rights movement. Auburn State Penitentiary. Lucretia Mott, âgée. National Reform Nomination For President Gerrit Smith of New York 3 August 1848. [20] One of the M'Clintock women selected the Declaration of Independence from 1776 as a model for the declaration they wanted to make at their convention. In the 1830s, Lydia Maria Child wrote to encourage women to write a will,[8] and Frances Wright wrote books on women's rights and social reform. In the early 1870s, Stanton and Anthony began to present Seneca Falls as the beginning of the women's rights movement, an origin story that downplayed Stone's role. Women's prospects in employment were dim: they could expect only to gain a very few service-related jobs and were paid about half of what men were paid for the same work. [12] State statutes and common law prohibited women from inheriting property, signing contracts, serving on juries and voting in elections. [citation needed], In 1998 First Lady Hillary Clinton gave a speech on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Seneca Falls Convention. James was also a teacher and shared many views that Mott did (Unger, 1999). "[14], Lucretia Mott met with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in Boston in 1842, and discussed again the possibility of a woman's rights convention. The National Reformer reported that the convention "forms an era in the progress of the age; it being the first convention of the kind ever held, and one whose influence shall not cease until woman is guaranteed all the rights now enjoyed by the other half of creation—Social, Civil and POLITICAL. ( Log Out /  The women met while campaigning for the abolition of slavery. Lucretia Mott, née Coffin le 3 janvier 1793 dans le Nantucket et décédée le 11 novembre 1880 à Philadelphie, était une féministe, abolitionniste, enseignante et prédicatrice quaker nord-américaine. [2] The meeting place was to be the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel[28] in Seneca Falls. There is no foundation in reason or expediency, for the absolute and slavish subjection of the wife to the husband, which forms the foundation of the present legal relations. Although women … On Sunday, July 23, many who had attended, and more who had not, attacked the Convention, the Declaration of Sentiments, and the resolutions. [7] A wide circle of abolitionists friendly to women's rights began in 1847 to discuss the possibility of holding a convention wholly devoted to women's rights. "[43] The Oneida Whig did not approve of the convention, writing of the Declaration: "This bolt is the most shocking and unnatural incident ever recorded in the history of womanity. [12] In June 1848, approximately 200 Hicksites, including the Hunts and the M'Clintocks, formed an even more radical Quaker group, known as the Yearly Meeting of Congregational Friends, or Progressive Friends. Mott, L., Stone, L. & National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection. Lucretia was born on January 3, 1793 in Massachusetts and was the second of Anna and Thomas Coffin Jr’s five children (Unger, 1999). They visited the Cattaraugus Reservation of the Seneca Nation, which was then part of the Iroquois Confederacy; women of that nation were known to enjoy a strong position. [15] The M'Clintocks gave Stanton the table, then Stanton gave it to Susan B. Anthony on the occasion of her 80th birthday,[64] though Anthony had no part in the Seneca Falls meeting. River Campus Libraries. National Museum of American History. "[20], The General Assembly in Pennsylvania passed a similar married woman's property law a few weeks later, one which Lucretia Mott and others had championed. The Progressive Friends intended to further elevate the influence of women in affairs of the faith. Stanton, however, had played a key role at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, at which Stone had not been present. They introduced joint business meetings of men and women, giving women an equal voice. [16], In March 1848, Garrison, the Motts, Abby Kelley Foster, Stephen Symonds Foster and others hosted an Anti-Sabbath meeting in Boston, to work toward the elimination of laws that apply only to Sunday, and to gain for the laborer more time away from toil than just one day of rest per week. On this subject, reform is loudly called for. Although the Convention was hastily organized and hardly publicized, over 300 men and women came to Seneca Falls, New York to protest the … The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. In the next two years, "the infancy ... of the movement",[57] other local and state women's rights conventions were called in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. Mott, a Quaker, was famous for her oratorical ability, which was rare for non-Quaker women during an era in which women were often not allowed to speak in public. The convention's Declaration of Sentiments became "the single most important factor in spreading news of the women's rights movement around the country in 1848 and into the future", according to Judith Wellman, a historian of the convention. When he saw the addition of woman suffrage, Henry Stanton warned his wife "you will turn the proceedings into a farce. Lucretia Mott's native abilities were encouraged; she attended a … Elizabeth Cady Stanton And Lucretia Mott Meet In Seneca Falls. Quakers believe in equality for all, so her religious background explains why she felt so strongly for equality (Unger, 1999). Eight years later, on July 19, 1848, there convened in Seneca Falls, N.Y., at that time Stanton's hometown, a remarkable meeting to discuss the "social, civil, … Lucretia Mott raised questions about the validity of blindly following religious and social tradition. ticipate. Lucretia Mott, a Quaker reformer and minister, was an abolitionist and women's rights activist. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The idea for the convention occurred in London in 1840 when Elizabeth Cady Stantonand Lucretia Mott, who were attending a meeting of the World Anti-Slavery Society, were denied the opportunity to speak from the floor or to be seated as delegates. [15], Women's groups led by Lucretia Mott and Paulina Wright Davis held public meetings in Philadelphia beginning in 1846. [26] In keeping with Stanton's promotion of the table as an iconic relic, women's rights activists put it in a place of honor at the head of the casket at the funeral of Susan B. Anthony on March 14, 1906. "[31] The women added the phrase "and women" to make "... all men and women are created equal ..."[31] A list of grievances was composed to form the second part of the Declaration. The Myth of How Elizabeth Cady Stanton Met Lucretia Mott. Built by a congregation of abolitionists and financed in part by Richard Hunt,[12] the chapel had been the scene of many reform lectures, and was considered the only large building in the area that would open its doors to a women's rights convention. "[4], Stanton worked to enshrine the Declaration of Sentiments as a foundational treatise in a number of ways, not the least of which was by imbuing the small, three-legged tea table upon which the first draft of it was composed with an importance similar to that of Thomas Jefferson's desk upon which he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Mr Harcourt says “But, Cecilia… Are you willing to debar yourself from the many indulgences we enjoy, that are fruit of their labor (Wakefield, 1800)? [to 1880] [Photograph]. She asked the men present to help women gain the equality they deserved. Lucretia Mott advocated for women's right's activist and ending slavery, but she was so much more. The park consists of four major historical properties, including the Wesleyan Methodist Church, which was the site of the Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton's home, and the M'Clintock House, which was where the Declaration of Sentiments, resolutions, and speeches were drawn up for the Seneca Falls Convention. "[43], At the afternoon session, the eleven resolutions were read again, and each one was voted on individually. While in London at the World Anti-Slavery Convention, Mott and Stanton were denied the right to speak because of their gender. Dublin: T. Burnside. And as women have never consented to, been represented in, or recognized by this government, it is evident that in justice no allegiance can be claimed from them ... Our numerous and yearly petitions for this most desirable object having been disregarded, we now ask your august body, to abolish all laws which hold married women more accountable for their acts than infants, idiots, and lunatics. The Grimké sisters published their views against slavery in the late 1830s, and they began speaking to mixed gatherings of men and women for Garrison's American Anti-Slavery Society, as did Abby Kelley. "[21] At this convention, five votes were placed calling for Lucretia Mott to be Smith's vice-president—the first time in the United States that a woman was suggested for federal executive office. Reactions varied widely. Wellman, 2004, p. 193. [49], Those who opposed this resolution argued that its presence would cause the other, more rational resolutions to lose support. The men were not turned away, but were asked to remain silent. Over tea, Stanton, the only non-Quaker present, vented a lifetime's worth of pent-up frustration, her "long-accumulating discontent"[26] about women's subservient place in society. Rather, Stanton named the 1840 Anti-Slavery Convention in London as the birth of the "movement for woman's suffrage, in both England and America". A particularly progressive branch lived in and around Waterloo in Seneca County, New York. Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who also attended the World’s Anti Slavery Convention, called for a convention for women’s rights in Seneca Falls, New York (Call to the First Women’s…, 1848). [62], According to Lisa Tetrault, a professor of women's history, the Seneca Falls Convention was central to their rendition of the movement's history. [60], In 1870, Paulina Wright Davis authored a history of the antebellum women's rights movement, The History of the National Woman's Rights Movement, and received approval of her account from many of the involved suffragists including Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. At 13 years old, Lucretia and her sister were sent to a Quaker boarding school in New York called “Nine Partners” to further her education (Unger, 1999). Exactly 100 of approximately 300 attendees signed the document, mostly women. In 1831, Reverend Charles Grandison Finney began allowing women to pray aloud in gatherings of men and women. [6] These conventions became annual events until the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861. The convention was discussing the idea of women becoming delegates, but the idea was denied (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). Hinks, Peter P, John R. McKivigan, and R. Owen Williams. [citation needed], In the 1840s, women in America were reaching out for greater control of their lives. The two eldest M'Clintock daughters, Elizabeth and Mary Ann, Jr. may have accompanied their mother. [7] The Second Great Awakening was challenging women's traditional roles in religion. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Sojourner Truth's Speech to the Akron Convention (1851) The Seneca Falls Convention (1848) In July of 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott spearheaded the first women's rights convention in American history. Lucretia first attended the American Anti-Slavery Convention in 1833, and not long after attending she organized and became president of the Philadelphia Female Anti- Slavery Society (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). La Convention de Seneca Falls, tenue les 19 et 20 juillet 1848 à Seneca Falls (New York), fut la première convention pour les droits des femmes à se dérouler sur le sol des États-Unis [1].Elle réunit environ deux cents personnes parmi lesquelles Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia C. Mott et Abby Kelley trois figures marquantes du mouvement féministe américain, et … Mott was present at the meeting in which the Progressive Friends left the Hicksite Quakers. Stanton and Anthony wrote without her and, in 1881, they published the first volume of the History of Woman Suffrage, and placed themselves at each of its most important events, marginalizing Stone's contribution. Change ), An Insight Into The Seneca Falls Convention, https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/participants-of-the-first-womens-rights-convention.htm, https://books.google.com/books?id=olJlBvPvxp0C&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=mental+improvement+Priscilla+Wakefield+slavery&source=bl&ots=R62IH0QOBh&sig=R3rQf0NW6rD-IoaeTa4LVwxwVTQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjs06K0moDfAhWQzlkKHYfRDks4ChDoATABegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=mental%20improvement%20Priscilla%20Wakefield%20slavery&f=false, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucretia-Mott, http://www.anb.org/view/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.001.0001/anb-9780198606697-e-1500494. Second Day, July 20 On the second day of the Seneca Falls convention, James Mott, Lucretia Mott's husband, presided. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. American Memory. Chester Comix has created comic strip panels especially for the National Women’s History Museum exploring the importance of the Seneca Falls Convention and four people—Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth—who were 19 th century leaders in the struggle for equality and equal rights. In 1831, Reverend Charles Grandison Finney began allowing women to pray aloud in gatherings of men and women. "[61], In 1876, in the spirit of the nation's centennial celebrations, Stanton and Susan B. Anthony decided to write a more expansive history of the women's rights movement.
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