Unable to rapidly restart the reactor to regain propulsion, and unable to blow ballast, the Thresher slowly sank toward the ocean floor — a depth of 8,400 feet — with 129 men on board. (3) Wes�s last report was �attempting to blow.� Wes knew and I knew that there were no orders that started with �attempting.� His voice was still calm even though he knew by then his sub was lost. (U.S. Navy/J.L. The intent was to stop any future preventable accidents from happening to United States submarines. Deep-sea photography, recovered artifacts, and an evaluation of Thresher's design and operational history permitted a court of inquiry to conclude that the submarine had probably suffered the failure of a salt-water piping system joint that relied heavily on silver brazing instead of welding. Earlier tests using ultrasound equipment found potential problems with about 14% of the tested brazed joints,[18][19] most of which were determined not to pose a risk significant enough to require repair. [12][13], The 1964 search included Mizar (with partial modifications but not a center well), Hoist, and Trieste II, Trieste's successor. After a scram, standard procedure was to isolate the main steam system, cutting off the flow of steam to the turbines providing propulsion and electricity. Have positive up angle. When a submarine implodes, the fittings and pipes give way as the intense water pressure crushes the hull, similar to the process of a fist crushing an egg or a lemon. (5) Six weeks later when she was located, the bow was buried about thirty feet deep. C $114.98. Additionally, the previous commander of Thresher testified that he would not have described flooding, even from a small-diameter pipe, as a "minor problem". [citation needed], Thresher likely imploded at a depth of 400–610 m (1,300–2,000 ft). (end quote). [3], On 18 October 1961, Thresher, in company with the diesel-electric submarine Cavalla, headed south on a three-week test and training cruise to San Juan, Puerto Rico, arriving 2 November. [19] The Fast Recovery Startup involves an immediate reactor restart and allows steam to be withdrawn from the secondary system in limited quantities for several minutes following a scram. The bathyscaphe was placed on board USNS Private Francis X. McGraw and shipped to Boston. The anchor hawse hole of the sunken USS Saratoga looks like a giant fish’s mouth (Photo: Reinhart Dirscherl) Pardon the flair didn't see … Open source data indicates the intact MIKE Class Soviet nuclear submarine, fully flooded with the exception of the first compartment, had an average sink-rate of 10-12 knots. Her keel was laid down 27 May 1939 at the Electric Boat Company of Groton, Connecticut.She was launched on 27 March 1940 sponsored by Mrs. Margaret Cox Jones, wife of RADM Claud A. Jones and commissioned on 27 August 1940, with Lieutenant Commander William Lovett … Major sections of Thresher, including the sail, sonar dome, bow section, engineering spaces section, operations spaces section, and the stern planes were found. This pressure would make the submarine implode and the debris would sink to benthic regions." (end quote) Page 51 Congressional Record for 27 June 1963. Even after isolating a short circuit in the reactor controls, it would have taken nearly 10 minutes to restart the plant. Such flooding would have caused a significant sonic event, and no evidence of such may be found in the recorded data. All of the people inside die in a matter of seconds. 8,400 feet of water while conducting post-overhaul trials The THRESHER is crushed by the water pressure, killing all 129 men on board. According to Rule, SOSUS data indicates that after two minutes of electrical instability, the bus failed at 09:11 a.m., causing the main coolant pumps to trip off. C … Audio. No such detection occurred. The inability to blow the ballast tanks was later attributed to excessive moisture in the submarine's high-pressure air flasks, moisture that froze and plugged the flasks' flowpaths while passing through the valves. I went back to the publisher of the THRESHER BOOKLET but did not receive a response. This appellation belonged to the nuclear submarine USS Thresher, an attack class vessel that had been the pride of the U.S. Navy during the Cold War. Submarine implosion. During a test to simulate blowing ballast at or near test depth, ice formed on strainers installed in valves; the flow of air lasted only a few seconds. This was later simulated in dockside tests on Thresher's sister sub, Tinosa. [20] High-pressure water spraying from a broken pipe joint may have shorted out one of the many electrical panels, causing a shutdown ("scram") of the reactor, which in turn caused loss of propulsion. Additionally, as discussed above. By July 22, most of the lost submarine had been photographed. At 06:30 p.m., the commander of Submarine Force Atlantic sent word to Portsmouth Naval Shipyard to begin notifying the crew's family members, starting with Commander Harvey's wife Irene, that Thresher was missing. Just outside the main gate of the Naval Weapons Station, A 129-foot (39 m) flagpole at Kittery Memorial Circle in the town of, There is a memorial monument to the submariners lost in the, Five folk music groups or artists have produced songs memorializing, One of the earliest and most comprehensive accounts of the loss of the, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Brand New. [5], Thresher conducted further trials and fired test torpedoes before returning to Portsmouth on 29 November 1961. The THRESHER shark reportedly attacks its prey by flailing the long tail. I believe to this day that he was telling us something was wrong with the air blow system. The events of that day in 1963 are essentially these: USS THRESHER, the first of a new class of deep-diving submarines (and really, a wholly new weapon just as had been USS NAUTILUS) had already been in service for some time and in fact, had been through an extended shipyard period for considerable work. "[10] When Skylark received no further communication, surface observers gradually realized Thresher had sunk. Modelsvit 1:144: USS Thresher (SSN-593) submarine . At that time, they did not have recorders. Navy Declassifies 300 Pages of Probe into 1963 USS Thresher Disaster Starboard quarter view, taken while the USS Thresher was underway on April 30, 1961. Ibid., iv. When Thresher was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 16 April 1963, the class name was changed to that of the second boat, Permit, and Thresher is now officially referred to as a Permit-class submarine. In use, the magnetometers were suspended on an electrical line that also towed underwater video cameras. USS Thresher (SS-200), a Tambor-class submarine, was the most decorated United States Navy submarine of World War II. [35] A retired Navy captain and former commanding officer of the same class of submarine as Thresher, citing Rule's findings, has called for the U.S. government to declassify the data associated with the boat's sinking, and presented an alternative disaster sequence based upon the acoustic data. At test depth with the reactor shut down, Thresher would not have had 20 minutes to recover. The second USS Thresher (SSN-593) was the lead boat of her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. USS Thresher (SSN-593) Emblem adopted in 1960 and received in October of that year. 4. [6], On 9 April 1963, Thresher, commanded by Lieutenant Commander John Wesley Harvey, left from Kittery, Maine, at 08:00 a.m. and met with the submarine rescue ship Skylark at 11:00 a.m. to begin her initial post-overhaul dive trials, in an area some 220 mi; 350 km (190 nmi) east of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. (2), His voice was calm and easily recognized. I'll just leave it, "Thou shalt not By: However, it is not unusual for submarines to be required to send radio messages (position reports, mission reports, and etc.). USS Thresher (SSN-593) Emblem adopted in 1960 and received in October of that year. Without air conditioning, temperature and humidity in the submarine rose, reaching 60 °C (140 °F) after about 10 hours. Bow section of the sunken Scorpion containing two nuclear torpedoes on the sea floor. Note: the depth value (2400 feet) and energy yield (22,500 pounds of TNT) of the THRESHER collapse event were derived using the empiric relationship between the volume of a collapsing structure and the bubble-pulse frequency discussed on page 134 of the WINTER 2012 issue of THE SUBMARINE REVIEW. [32], On 8 April 2013, Bruce Rule, an acoustic data expert, published his own analysis of the data collected by USS Skylark and Atlantic SOSUS arrays in a paper[33] in the Navy Times. Buy It Now +C $69.77 shipping . Several hours later, the backup generator broke down and the electrical load was transferred to the ship's battery. When she first went to sea in April of 1961, the US nuclear submarine Thresher was the most advanced submarine at sea, built specifically to hunt and kill Soviet submarines. if you have difficulty accessing the websites provided below, go to the Navy JAG site: When the submarine actually imploded it was near instantaneous. Atlantis II, Robert D. Conrad, and James M. Gilliss investigated likely contacts found in the sonar search. SKYLARK had no record capability. Imagery of the THRESHER site is reported to have confirmed the wreck was in six major sections, the result of destructive collapse (fragmentation) 6000 feet above the sea floor. The LOFARgram data ONI may still hold confirms the duration of the collapse event, which occurred at a subsequently revised time of 09:18:24, was the reciprocal of the bubble-pulse frequency or about one-tenth (0.1) of a second, the period during which the THRESHER pressure-hull and all internal compartments were destroyed and the pressure-hull fragmented into sections that sank independently from the collapse depth of 2400 feet. [citation needed] Submarines typically rely on speed and deck angle (angle of attack) rather than deballasting to surface; they are propelled at an angle toward the surface. Audio. It was accompanied with this description: The fish depicted in the subject insignia is a THRESHER shark, which is characterized by a tail that is approximately one-half of its total length. 20 watchers. Rule's analysis holds that flooding (whether from a silver brazed joint or anywhere else) played no role in the reactor scram or the sinking, and that Thresher was intact until she imploded. [37], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}41°46′N 65°03′W / 41.767°N 65.050°W / 41.767; -65.050, Alternative theory of the sinking: electrical failure, Ship Characteristics Board - USS Thresher loss, "Peril in the depths – the world's worst submarine disasters", "COMSUBPAC Web site, Submarines Lost or Damaged before and after World War II", "U.S. Gov Info / Resources, US Navy's Submarine Rescue Team", "NOVA Web site, transcript of "Submarines, Secrets, and Spies, "Executive Order 11104 – U.S.S. Acoustic data provided by the writer to ONI in October 2009 indicates the average sink-rate of the USS SCORPION (SSN-589) hull sections was less than 28 knots. The pressurized air rapidly expanding in the pipes, Harvey reports status via underwater telephone. [3][4], Thresher conducted lengthy sea trials in the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea areas in 1961–1962. That program, launched in December 1963, was known as SUBSAFE. [1][2] Her loss was a watershed for the U.S. Navy, leading to the implementation of a rigorous submarine safety program known as SUBSAFE. (7) The front half of the sub was vertical and the sub broke in two at the reactor compartment. (8) I could read the name of the next to last reactor watch officer on the log sheet on the bottom of the ocean from the hundreds of pictures taken. The Navy conditionally granted him the funds if the submarine wrecks were surveyed before Titanic. Naval Institute's monthly journal Proceedings that "the Navy had depended upon this performance to the extent that it had asked for and received authority to build 14 of these ships, as well as an additional 11 submarines with very much the same characteristics. Note: no WWII depth charge, even those designed to be as hydrodynamically efficient as possible, had sink-rates in excess of 50 f/s (30 knots). The THRESHER shark reportedly attacks its prey by flailing the long tail. In the case of the USS Scorpion, there were two hydrogen explosions in the battery well at 18:20 GMT (22 May, 1968) that created an internal overpressure of 150 - 200 psi. [34][35] Rule based his analysis on SOSUS data that was highly classified in 1963 and was not discussed in open session of the Court of Inquiry and was not revealed at the congressional hearings. Those statements of special interest are foot-noted (1) through (8) with references to Navy Judge Advocate General THRESHER Court of Inquiry documents that provide information related to those statements. Very, very few sound recordings of any kind where made aboard submarines during the war. My saddest memory was listening to the tapes of the underwater phone conversations between Wes and the submarine rescue vessel (1), which was his escort for his sea trials, after a major overhaul at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. The Navy Court of Inquiry concludes a flooding casualty in the engine room brought about a piping system failure in one of the submarine's salt water systems is the most probable cause of the sinking. (1) During Congressional hearings on the loss of THRESHER held on Thursday, 27 June 1963, RADM John Maurer, Director, Submarine Warfare Division, in response to a question from Representative David Bates, NH, stated: (quote) All of the ASRs are equipped with recorders now. (2) http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS%20THRESHER%20PT%201.pdf. The accident, which took the lives of all 129 men onboard, remains the highest ever submarine death toll in history. The Thresher was the most advanced submarine at sea. (Concepts in Submarine Design; Roy Burcher and Louis J. Rydill, Oct 27, 1995) Given, for the sake of this discussion, that THRESHER was still intact (not in six major sections) and had achieved a sink-rate of 30 knots in a bow-down position, to achieve a bottom-impact speed of 100 knots (about 3.5 times her maximum speed which required 15,000 shaft horsepower) we have 3.5 cubed (42.9) times 15,000 or about 650,000 shaft horsepower to achieve 100 knots, and CAPT Alford says "over 100 knots. Before her departure from NRL in Washington, Mizar was equipped with highly sensitive proton magnetometers furnished by the instrument division of Varian Associates in Palo Alto. [23] Ballard had approached the Navy in 1982 for funding to find Titanic with his new deep-diving robot submersible. This was the first time since World War II that we had considered our design sufficiently advanced to embark upon construction of a large class of general-purpose attack submarines. Navy Declassifies 300 Pages of Probe into 1963 USS Thresher Disaster Starboard quarter view, taken while the USS Thresher was underway on April 30, 1961. These reports provide results of the environmental sampling of sediment, water, and marine life, which is performed to ascertain whether Thresher's nuclear reactor has had a significant effect on the deep-ocean environment. Financial limitations allowed him 12 days to search, and the debris-field search technique he had used for the two submarines was applied to locate Titanic. 5. Historic Naval Sound and Video. Skylark crisscrosses the coordinates where Thresher dived, calling for a response. In March, she participated in NUSUBEX 2–62 (an exercise designed to improve the tactical capabilities of nuclear submarines) and in anti-submarine warfare training with Task Group ALPHA. Thresher's reactor control officer, Lieutenant Raymond McCoole, was not at his station in the maneuvering room, or indeed on the boat during the fatal dive, as he was at home caring for his wife, who had been injured in a household accident. She remained submerged overnight and re-established underwater communications with Skylark at 06:30 a.m. on 10 April to commence deep-dive trials. The transmission is garbled, though some words are recognizable: "[We are] experiencing minor difficulty, have positive up-angle, attempting to blow." Maybe it was a intended sink and there were some mics inside to capture the flooding process? As Thresher neared her test depth, Skylark received garbled communications over underwater telephone indicating " ...  minor difficulties, have positive up-angle, attempting to blow,"[7][8][9] and then a final, even more garbled message that included the number "900. The crew attempted to repair the diesel generator (four men would receive Navy commendation medals for their work that night). Allegheny, Mission Capistrano, and Prevail became engaged in a close sonar search of an area 10 nmi (19 km; 12 mi) square. Reflecting on the situation in later life, McCoole was sure that he would have delayed shutting the valves, thus allowing the boat to "answer bells" and drive itself to the surface, despite the flooding in the engineering spaces. However, the Navy stated that they "will return to the review and process of Plaintiff’s FOIA request once the office is able to expand beyond mission-essential capabilities. When a submarine implodes, the fittings and pipes give way as the intense water pressure crushes the hull, similar to the process of a fist crushing an egg or a lemon. [16] Most of the debris had spread over an area of about 134,000 square metres (33 acres). Much of the acoustic information derived from analysis of the LOFARgram displays by the writer, and provided to the THRESHER COI in closed testimony on 18 April 1963 is contained in COI OPINION 46 in http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS%20THRESHER%20PT%202.pdf, (5) There is no discussion in any COI document of calculations that indicated THRESHER (quote) reached a depth of 300-400 feet before the flooding stopped her ascent. The conclusion that THRESHER, which was destroyed when the pressure-hull collapsed, impacted the bottom at a speed of (quote) over 100 knots (end quote) would, if still intact and in a vertical bow-down position, have required more than half a million shaft horsepower to reach a terminal velocity of 100 knots. I was also assigned as project manager for the SUBSAFE program for CNO. The transcript of that direct examination is provided by http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/investigations/USS%20THRESHER%20PT%203.pdf. As most of the battery power was needed to keep vital systems operating and to restart the reactor, lighting and air conditioning were shut down. Lost with all hands during deep diving tests, 10 April 1963; 129 died. Concurrently, the USS Thresher could have been cruising silently on a thermohaline gradient while an internal wave tossed the submarine (internal waves can easily be the size of a football field), sending it to an area with intense pressure. From France. According to Rule the SOSUS data indicates an implosion of Thresher at 09:18:24, at a depth of 730 metres (2,400 ft), 120 metres (400 ft) below her predicted collapse depth. Once closed, the large steam system isolation valves could not be reopened quickly. The Death of the USS Thresher: The Story Behind History's Deadliest Submarine Disaster (Audible Audio Edition): Norman Polmar, Sean Crisden, Tantor Audio: Amazon.ca: Audible Audiobooks Officers on. ", (For those who remember the statement in BLIND MAN'S BLUFF that the Soviet K-129 impacted the bottom at 200 knots - attributed to an unidentified Navy report - which is approximately 14 times greater than the 14 knots that the K-129 could achieve with 5,400 HP, we have the following calculations: Fourteen cubed is 2744 which, times 5,400 horsepower, equals 1,480,000 shaft horsepower for the K-129 to achieve 200 knots.). The boat (we … Also note: the propulsive power requirements of a given submerged submarine of a given displacement vary as a cube of the speed. Following customary procedure while in port, her reactor was shut down. When she first went to sea in April of 1961, the U.S. nuclear submarine Thresher was the most advanced submarine at sea, built specifically to hunt and kill Soviet submarines. 1964 USS Thresher SSN-593 Print. While moored at Port Canaveral, Florida, the submarine was accidentally struck by a tug, which damaged one of her ballast tanks. (4) Calculations later estimated the sub reached 300-400 feet depth before the flooding stopped her ascent. She was the U.S. Navy's second submarine to be named after the thresher shark. In The Death of the USS Thresher, renowned naval and intelligence consultant Norman Polmar recounts the dramatic circumstances surrounding her implosion, which killed all 129 men onboard in … (6) Calculations show she was going over 100 knots when she bottomed. Under the circumstances, Commander Harvey's likely decision would have been to order full speed, full rise on the fairwater planes, and blowing main ballast in order to surface. One hypothesis has the submarine growing heavier from water flooding the engine room, and continuing its descent, probably tail-first. As an unproven hypothesis that is disputed by acoustic data, the Navy's official investigation stated the likelihood of a brazed pipe-joint rupturing in the engine room. "[27] Following the release of the July 18, 2020 court-mandated report the Navy stated that they had identified and approved additional resources and reservists to begin processing the documents in August. One American submarine that actually imploded was the U.S.S. Since no shore power connection was available in San Juan, the ship's backup diesel generator was used to carry the "hotel" electrical loads. The next thing on the tape some minutes later was the collapse of the first bulkhead, followed shortly after with the others collapsing. The radio hadn’t been working lately, but his roommate got it on just as word came about the USS Thresher. initial Thresher casualty as an electrical bus failure, which shut down the submarine’s main coolant pumps causing the instant reactor scram. This is since the (THRESHER) incident. The submarine entered Portsmouth Shipyard on 16 July 1962 to begin a scheduled six-month post-shakedown availability to examine systems and make repairs and corrections as necessary. In November 2013, I filed a freedom of information act request for more pictures/video of the wreckage of the USS Scorpion. Thresher had sent distorted signals of minor … When she first went to sea in April of 1961, the US nuclear submarine USS Thresher SSN 593 and USS Scorpion SSN 589 Submarine Challenge Coin Sub USN "Forever They Sail" Series. This was done to prevent an overly rapid cool-down of the reactor. In February 2020, in response to a FOIA lawsuit by military historian James Bryant, a federal court ordered the Navy to begin releasing documents by May 2020. His obligation to inspect the wrecks completed, and with the radioactive threat from both established as small, Ballard then searched for Titanic. She was the U.S. Navy's second submarine to be named after the thresher shark. The crew would have attempted to stop the leak; at the same time, the engine room would be filling with a cloud of mist. The first conversation that I remember well was Wes telling the sub rescue vessel to "stand clear, emergency surfacing from test depth, flooding in the engine room." When she first went to sea in April of 1961, the U.S. nuclear submarine Thresher was the most advanced submarine at sea, built specifically to hunt and kill Soviet submarines. [citation needed], Information declassified in the 2008 National Geographic Documentary Titanic: Ballard's Secret Mission, shows that USNR Commander (Dr.) Robert Ballard, the oceanographer credited with locating the wreck of RMS Titanic, was sent by the Navy on a mission under cover of the search for Titanic to map and collect visual data on the Thresher and Scorpion wrecks. [25], Almost all records of the court of inquiry remain unavailable to the public. Ballard's robotic survey showed that the depth at which Thresher had sunk caused implosion and total destruction; the only recoverable piece was a foot of marled pipe. A second transmission is received, with the partially recognizable phrase "exceeding test depth ... " The (hypothetical) leak from the broken pipe grows with increased pressure. Created to find and destroy Soviet submarines, Thresher was the fastest and quietest submarine of its day, matching the smaller, contemporary Skipjack class. USS Thresher was the lead boat in a class of 3,700t nuclear-powered attack submarines. A 2019 dedication of a new memorial at Arlington Memorial cemetery to the officers and crew of the USS Thresher, a nuclear submarine that sank in 1963, in Arlington, VA. Software An illustration of two photographs. the first sound would occur at this point, and that the next sound would come The loss of the USS Thresher and the USS Scorpion had effects which continue to impact the safety of submarines around the world to this day. http://www.jag.navy.mil/library/jagman_investigations.htm scroll down the date and event columns to 1963/THRESHER, then click on each of the four documents listed as Parts I through IV. She took part in Nuclear Submarine Exercise (NUSUBEX) 3–61 off the northeastern coast of the United States from 18–24 September 1961. The CO of THRESHER, Wes Harvey, was a close friend and one of the most qualified nuclear engineers I ever had the honor to serve with. [3], Off Charleston, South Carolina, Thresher undertook operations supporting development of the SUBROC anti-submarine missile. (end quote). [17] In early August, the entire task force returned to the area with the submersible. Will keep you informed. Brand New. Wes was the engineer for both and I was XO. [11], The Navy quickly mounted an extensive search with surface ships and support from the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), with its deep-search capability. In addition to the SOSUS data that does not record any sound of flooding, the crew of Skylark did not report hearing any noise that sounded like flooding, and Skylark was able to communicate with Thresher, despite the fact that, at test depth, even a small leak would have produced a deafening roar. The reports also explain the methodology for conducting deep-sea monitoring from both surface vessels and submersibles. The shattered remains of Thresher's hull were on the sea floor, about 2,600 metres (8,400 ft) below the surface, in five major sections. The captain, returning to the ship from a shore function, arrived just after the battery ran down. The boat remained in port through the end of the year, and spent the first two months of 1962 with her sonar and SUBROC systems under evaluation. An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk. The death of the USS Thresher by Polmar, Norman. C $46.71. VADM Dennis Wilkerson was my boss there. Navy, Nuclear submarines, United States. CAPT Zeb Alford statements in the THRESHER BOOKLET (quoted in full as follows from page 6): I was CO of the USS SHARK at that time (of the loss of THRESHER) and on a special op. She also had the most advanced weapons system, including launchers for the U.S. Navy's newest anti-submarine missile, the SUBROC, as well as passive and active sonar that could detect vessels at unprecedented range. The crew eventually borrowed cables from another ship in the harbor and connected them to the adjacent Cavalla, which started her diesels and provided enough power to allow Thresher to restart her reactor. That afternoon, Thresher conducted an initial trim-dive test, surfaced, and then performed a second dive to half of test depth. [12] The bathyscaphe Trieste was alerted on 11 April and brought from San Diego to Boston. The second USS Thresher (SSN-593) was the lead boat of her class of nuclear-powered attack submarines in the United States Navy. [35], When the Court of Inquiry delivered its final report, it recommended that the Navy implement a more rigorous program of design review and safety inspections during construction. They also recorded another attack during their 5th war patrol in March of 1945. It is the second-deadliest submarine incident on record, after the loss of the French submarine Surcouf, in which 130 crew died. (6) There is no discussion in any COI document that the THRESHER (quote) bow was buried thirty feet deep. USS Thresher (SSN-593) One of the submarine vets aboard Skylark would state, “We heard sounds that are familiar to me,the sound of a ship breaking up—like a compartment collapsing…a muted, dull thud.” The submarine Thresher looped lower into the deep Atlantic waters. Thresher", A Love Affair (reprinted in Bundage: NRL's Deep Sea Floor Search Era), "Information and Security Issues Associated with the Loss of the USS Thresher", : Titanic search was cover for secret Cold War subs mission, "Fifty-Seven Years Later: America's Worst Nuclear Submarine Disaster", "Vanderbilt ties to 'worst submarine tragedy' 50 years ago", "50 years later, a look at what really sank the, https://www.kitsapsun.com/story/news/2019/07/16/retired-navy-captain-believes-time-now-release-thresher-records/1738878001/, "Thresher victim, a young father, remembered", "Brief Timeline of the Dundee Township Park District", "First Listen: Shovels & Rope, 'Swimmin' Time, "Secrets of Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea", "The Fear-Makers (Airdate: September 28, 1964)", "USS Thresher (SSN-593) 3 August 1961 – 10 April 1963", World War II National Submarine Memorial – West, World War II National Submarine Memorial – East, Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage, McCoole's statement re: shutting main steam valves during reactor scram, List of submarines of the United States Navy, List of submarine classes of the United States Navy, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1963, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Thresher_(SSN-593)&oldid=1005597871, Nuclear submarines of the United States Navy, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-LCCN identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.
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